[Adhip Ray is a 5th year BA.LLB (Hons.) student at Amity Law School, Kolkata and is the founder of the startup consultancy WinSavvy.com and is a consultant for Patent Professional Corporation (Patent PC), an intellectual property law firm based out of California.] The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) had, in its March 2018 board meeting, approved an amendment to the Securities and...
Credit Rating Agencies In India: A Critique of SAT’s Ruling Against Care Rating
[Sidharth Pattnaik and Sneha Rath are 4th Year B.B.A., LL.B. (Hons.) and 3rd Year B.A., LL.B. (Hons.) students respectively at National Law University Odisha] In this post, we focus on the developments around Care Rating Agency’s (CARE) alleged dereliction of its duty to rate Reliance Communications’ (RCom) creditworthiness over a period of four quarters, and the subsequent initiation of inquiry...
The Relevance of ‘Profit Making’ in Insider Trading: A Paradox
[Aaj Sikri and Kartik Arya are penultimate year BA LLB (Hons) students at Jindal Global Law School, Sonipat] The insider trading norms in India have evolved with time. Before the implementation of SEBI (Prohibition of Insider Trading) Regulations, 2015 (“PIT Regulations”), intention was relevant while deciding whether an insider has engaged in Insider Trading or not. The same was also upheld in...
Shadow Trading – An Indian Perspective
[Mihir Deshmukh is an Associate at Finsec Law Advisors, Mumbai and Bhavya Solanki is a 4th-year student at Maharashtra National Law University, Mumbai.] Coined by Mehta, Reeb, and Zhao, shadow trading is a theory of insider trading, which postulates that confidential information of a company could also be relevant for other economically-linked companies, and insiders could profit from trading in...
SEBI’s Takeover Amendment: Hit-and-Miss on Delisting
[Aryan Puri is a 4th-year BBA., LL.B. (Hons.) student at MIT-World Peace University, Faculty of Law, Pune, and Priya Maharishi is a 5th-year B.A., LL.B. (Hons.) student at Jindal Global Law School, Sonipat] On December 6, 2021, the Securities and Exchange Board of India (“SEBI”) amended the SEBI (Substantial Acquisition of Shares and Takeover) Regulation, 2011 (“Takeover Regulations”) to simplify...
New Materiality Threshold for RPTs: Nagging Questions on Shareholder Approval
[Vinita Nair and Sikha Bansal are Partners at Vinod Kothari & Company, Practicing Company Secretaries] Related party transactions (RPTs) are perceived as potential tools for unjust enrichment of those in a fiduciary capacity. Hence, SEBI has recently revamped RPT norms (most of which are to take effect from 1 April 2022) intending to impose a greater scrutiny on RPTs. With the above, all...
Non-Fungible Tokens: An Indian Perspective
[Aiyushi Mehrotra is a 4th Year B.A., LLB. student at Gujarat National Law University, Gandhinagar] Non-fungible tokens (“NFTs”) are digital blockchain tokens that identify ownership or particulars of unique items, whether they be digital or real in form. They are traded and programmed in the same way as cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin or Ethereum, but that is where the similarities...
Managing Significant Transactions & Arrangements with Subsidiaries: Part 2
[Himanshu Dubey and Payal Agarwal are with Vinod Kothari & Co. Part 1 is available here] Basis for assessment – standalone or consolidated? Having dealt with the parameter to be considered for various transactions, another question that may arise is whether the total revenues or expenses or assets or liabilities, as the case may be, have to be considered on a standalone basis or on a...
Managing Significant Transactions & Arrangements with Subsidiaries: Part 1
[Himanshu Dubey and Payal Agarwal are with Vinod Kothari & Co.] The seamless flow of information between a holding company and its subsidiaries is imperative for effective governance at the level of a corporate group. Since listed companies in India often function with complex structures with a number of subsidiaries, it is not feasible for the holding company to deliberate upon all the...
ESOPs to Non-permanent Employees: An Analysis of SEBI’s Recommendation
[Anant Budhraja is a III year student at the West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences, Kolkata] Unacademy, the ed-tech unicorn, became the first Indian company to issue Employee Stock Options (ESOPs) to gig workers, i.e., educators on their platform, in July 2021.These options, referred to as Teachers Stock Options (TSOPs), constituted a corpus of $40 million, which had directly...
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