[Guest post by Divyajyot Verma, a student at the Jindal Global Law School] Non-Disposal Undertakings (or agreements) (“NDUs”) are signed usually by the debtor in favour of the lender in relation to any loan obligation undertaken by the debtor. An NDU helps in ensuring that the debtor does not transfer the shares held by it in a company by way of outside arrangements such that the creditor is left...
Consolidation of Promoter Holdings: Exemptions from Takeover Offer
The SEBI (Substantial Acquisition of Shares and Takeovers) Regulations, 2011 (the “Takeover Regulations”) provide for a series of exemptions involving consolidation of promoter shareholdings whereby acquirers of shares in such consolidation efforts need not make a mandatory takeover offer to acquire the shares of the remaining shareholders. Apart from specific promoter-oriented exemptions...
Promoter Exits in India: Reined by the Market Watchdog?
[Guest post by Malek Shipchandler, who practices law with a firm in Mumbai. Views are personal and do not necessarily represent those of the firm.] It was reported last week that the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) is likely to relax rules pertaining to promoter reclassification in listed companies. An article co-authored by Gaurav Malhotra and I for the Oxford Business Law Blog in...
Has SEBI Altered Its Position on the Question of “Control”?
The issue of what amounts to “control” for purposes of the SEBI Takeover Regulations has been a vexed one, and has eluded any form of resolution for nearly 15 years. In a paper titled “The Nature of the Market for Corporate Control in India”, I have sought to summarize the present position (footnotes omitted): Under Indian takeover regulation, it is possible to trigger the [mandatory bid rule...
SAT on Holding Period for Inter Se Promoter Transfers
Mandatory takeover offer requirements are subject to certain exemptions. One such exemption is when there is an inter se transfer of shares among promoters of a company, so long as certain conditions are satisfied. One such condition, stipulated in regulation 10(1)(a)(ii) of the SEBI (Substantial Acquisition of Shares and Takeovers) Regulations, 2011 (the “Takeover Regulations”), is that the...
SEBI’s Special Treatment to Public Sector Banks
[Guest post by Abhishek Borgikar, who is a Senior Associate at Dhaval Vussonji Alliance] Violation of Minimum Public Shareholding Norms The former chairman of the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), Mr. U. K. Sinha, while talking about minimum public shareholding in public sector companies said: “Our [SEBI’s] stand as a regulator is that all cos should be treated alike on all matters...
SEBI Order Denying Inter-se Promoter Transfer Exemption
[Guest post by Shashank Prabhakar, who is a lawyer with Finsec Law Advisors] The Whole Time Member of the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) recently passed an order relating to an application under Regulation 11(5) of the SEBI (Substantial Acquisition of Shares and Takeovers) Regulations, 2011 (the Takeover Regulations) for exemption from making an open offer under Regulation 3(2)...
Supreme Court Reinforces Sanctity of a Takeover Offer
In what circumstances can a takeover offer, once made, be withdrawn? This issue has occupied the attention of the Supreme Court in two previous cases, Nirma Industries v. Securities and Exchange Board of India and Securities and Exchange Board of India v. Akshya Infrastructure Pvt. Ltd. In these cases, the Supreme Court took a strict view and held that the acquirers were not permitted to withdraw...
Supreme Court on Board Appointments During a Takeover Offer
Background In Securities and Exchange Board of India v. Burren Energy India Limited (decided on 2 December 2016), the Supreme Court of India was concerned with a couple of issues relating to the technical interpretation of the SEBI (Substantial Acquisition of Shares and Takeovers) Regulations, 1997 (the “1997 Regulations”). This case involved an indirect acquisition of shares by an English...
ESOP Shares and the Computation of Open Offer Triggers
Under the SEBI (Substantial Acquisition of Shares and Takeovers) Regulations, 2011 (“Takeover Regulations”), an acquirer must make a mandatory open offer to acquire the shares of the remaining shareholders when the acquirer acquires shares (with voting rights) beyond prescribed thresholds. Since the triggers are based on the acquisition of shares with voting rights, questions could arise whether...
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