I have posted a working paper tentatively titled Investment Agreements in India: Is There an ‘Option’?, the abstract of which is as follows: Put and call options are ubiquitous in modern investment agreements, such as those involving joint ventures as well as private equity and venture capital investments. The enforceability of put and call options in Indian companies has been the...
SEBI’s Concept Paper on Alternative Investment Funds
Currently, private pools of capital are not subject to detailed regulation. No mandatory registration of such investment vehicles is necessary. Registration of such vehicles as venture capital funds (VCFs) is more in the nature of a facility available to take advantage of various benefits available through such registration under SEBI VCF Regulations. While several private pools indeed register...
Companies Bill Rekindled
The recent change at the helm of affairs of the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) has rekindled the discussion on the Companies Bill. Newspaper reports indicate that the new Bill is expected to be introduced in Parliament during the monsoon session that begins August 1. The reports also highlight some key areas recently at the forefront. It has been suggested that SEBI will be conferred powers...
Miscellaneous
The following developments and readings may be of interest: 1. Sahara: Public Offering vs. Private Placement We have been following the Sahara case as it involves the crucial question of what differentiates a public offering from a private placement of securities under Indian company law and securities regulation. Newspaper reports (here, here and here) indicate that the Supreme Court has now...
Rule 10b-5 and the “Maker” of a statement: Janus Capital v. First Derivative
Last week, in a 5-4 verdict, the US Supreme Court once again narrowly interpreted Rule 10b-5, this time holding that only the “maker” of a false statement could incur 10b-5 liability: “maker” in this context being defined as “person or entity with ultimate authority over the statement.” The case, Janus Capital Group Inc. v. First Derivative Traders, reversed the Fourth Circuit’s holding...
SEBI’s Further Order in the Sahara Case
SEBI yesterday issued a detailed and well-reasoned order in the case involving the offering of optionally fully convertible debentures (OFCDs) by two Sahara companies. It found that the Sahara companies had offered OFCDs to millions of investors in the garb of a ‘private offering” without complying with the requirements applicable to a public offering of securities. Although the order itself...
Preferential Allotment of Securities in Unlisted Companies
The Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) has announced draft rules that will, when promulgated, substitute the Unlisted Public Companies (Preferential Allotment) Rules, 2003. This will make the process of issue of securities more stringent for unlisted public companies. The Indian Legal Space blog has a nice comparison of the existing rules and the proposed changes. Some of the key features of the...
SEBI Reasserts Views on Put and Call Options
In view of the provisions of the Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956 (SCRA) and notifications issued thereunder, the validity of put and call options on securities of public limited companies entered into outside the stock exchange has been in doubt. In the last year, however, SEBI has been making its stand clearer: such options are invalid. On two previous occasions involving the MCX...
Restrictions on Redemption of IDRs
On the basis of prevalent regulations, Standard Chartered Bank issued Indian Depository Receipts (IDRs) last year with the offer document stating that IDRs would be convertible into equity shares by way of redemption one year after the issue subject to the approval of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) on a case-by-case basis. However, one year after the IDR offering, SEBI has issued a new circular...
Mutual Fund Scheme: Change in Fundamental Attributes
The Securities Appellate Tribunal (SAT) has ruled in a matter involving the HSBC Mutual Fund. In that case, HSBC had issued a scheme with two plans, viz. a long term plan and a short term plan. The relevant investors had invested in the short-term plan. However, HSBC wound up the long-term plan, and changed the term of the short-term plan by increasing the tenure. This resulted in a fall in the...
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