1) SEBI amended vide notification dated 30th October 2008 the Takeover Regulations Takeover to, in essence, permit an acquirer, with persons acting in concert with him, to increase his holding by 5% by acquiring additional shares or voting rights upto 5% through open market purchases or pursuant to buyback of shares by the target company. This was following a Press Release discussed here and...
Tax Implications of Demergers
(The following post is contributed by Mihir Naniwadekar) Generally, the gains arising from a demerger are exempt from capital gains tax, while those arising from a slump sale are not. But, then, what exactly is a ‘demerger’ for the purposes of the exemption from capital gains tax? Can a demerger ever be characterized as a ‘slump sale’? Several sections of the Income Tax Act, 1961 deal with these...
Cross-Border Mergers
Under the present provisions of Sections 391-394 of the Companies Act, 1956 it is possible for a foreign company to merge with an Indian company, but an Indian company cannot be merged with a foreign company. This is intended to ensure that the company that continues after the merger is an Indian company over which the Indian regulatory authorities continue to exercise control. Although there was...
Fairness Reports for Mergers
In a change announced last week, SEBI has amended the listing agreement making it mandatory for companies involved in merger transactions to obtain a fairness opinion. SEBI describes the highlights of this amendment as follows: “1. “Fairness Opinion” of independent merchant banker: In order to safeguard the interest of shareholders, the listed company as well as the unlisted company which are...
Squeezing Out the Minority: Is it a Viable Option?
Although most jurisdictions confer powers on controlling (or majority) shareholders to squeeze out minority shareholders, the position under Indian company law does not appear to be all that straightforward. There exists a powerful provision in the form of Section 395 of the Companies Act, 1956 that allows controlling shareholders, in certain circumstances, to compel minority shareholders to sell...
Promoters’ Contribution: SAT Ruling in the Reliance Power Case
A few days ago, the Securities Appellate Tribunal (SAT) passed its order in the Reliance Power IPO Case. This is on an appeal from the decision of SEBI (that we had posted about earlier on this blog). I thank one of our readers who sent in a review of the SAT decision, which I reproduce below: Rajkot Saher v. SEBI, Reliance Power Limited Facts: The promoters of Reliance Power Limited...
The True Nature of a Stock Swap
A stock swap is a transaction where an acquirer acquires shares of another company and, instead of paying cash for such acquisition, discharges consideration by issuance of its own shares. Business World has surveyed experts on the question as to whether a stock swap amounts to a “sale”. The response is as follows: Yes : 33%No : 10%Maybe : 57% A summary of the reasons for each answer has been set...
Competition Commission & Global Mergers
There has been a coordinated and consistent move by industry to ensure that merger regulations that have been proposed by the Competition Commission do not cover global mergers whose implications in India are not substantial. We have discussed this issue in the past on this blog (here, here and here). In fact, the draft regulations do contain some de minimis exceptions that seemingly placate...
Vodafone Income Tax Case
The acquisition of shares in Hutch Essar by Vodafone from Hutchison in a multi-billion dollar M&A deal last year has resulted in a dispute on the taxability of capital gains on the transaction. This dispute is currently pending before the Bombay High Court, with a decision being awaited. The court’s verdict is expected to have serious implications on costs involved in implementing M&A...
Management Buyouts (MBOs): Possibilities and Challenges
Earlier this week, The Hindu Business Line carried a detailed column on various business and financial aspects of management buyouts (MBOs), particularly as such deals are being witnessed (albeit infrequently) in India. Simply stated, management buyouts involve the acquisition of a division of a company or the shares in a company, in each case by the managers who have been handling the affairs of...
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