The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has recently brought about two sets of related reforms that introduce much greater flexibility to foreign investors in investing in Indian companies that gets rid of some of the rigidity that hitherto existed. In terms of investment instruments, the RBI has permitted investment in partly paid shares and warrants. Additionally, it has also relaxed the pricing...
Financing Domestic M&A
A Times of India report indicates that the Finance Ministry is considering a proposal to allow banks to finance domestic M&A, i.e. acquisitions of local targets by local acquirers. If this proposal goes through (although significant doubts have been raised regarding that), it will mark a sea-change in the funding of domestic M&A that is currently deprived of bank funding. At present...
Report on Governance of Banks
Historically, the governance of banks has received greater (and somewhat different) attention when compared to governance of companies carrying on other forms of business. This is because banks deal with depositors’ funds and their actions or misdeeds can cause a more severe strain on the economy as a whole. Hence, while banks that are established as companies (and listed on the stock exchanges)...
Regulatory Domain over M&A for NBFCs
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has issued a notification relating to mergers and acquisitions (M&A) involving non-banking finance companies (NBFCs). This now brings most M&As relating to NBFCs within the regulatory domain of the RBI thereby requiring its prior approval. The following types of transactions fall within the RBI approval requirement: 1...
Possible Liberalization in FDI Pricing Guidelines
Despite the progressive opening up of the Indian economy to foreign investment in 1991, there has been tight control over the entry and exit prices for foreign investors into and from investments in Indian companies through the foreign direct investment route (FDI). While the initial approach was to benchmark the transaction prices to the erstwhile formula prescribed by the Controller of Capital...
Guest Post: Nachiket Mor Committee Recommends Bank – NBFC Convergence
[This post has been contributed by Shampita Das of Vinod Kothari & Company. The author may be contacted at [email protected]] The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) in September, 2013 had set up a ‘Committee on Comprehensive Financial Services for Small Businesses and Low-Income Households’, under the Chairmanship of Dr. Nachiket Mor, Member on RBI’s Central Board of Directors. The main...
Miscellaneous
1. RBI Circular on Options We had carried two guest posts (here and here) on RBI’s notification dated 9 January 2014 relating to options and convertible instruments. This notification has generated a great deal of debate and its precise scope and contours are still being carefully ascertained. For a flavour of the further debate, the following...
Guest Post: Optionality Clauses Permissible in FDI Instruments – the Heydays for Exit Rights
[This post is contributed by Nidhi Bothra of Vinod Kothari & Co. She can be contacted at [email protected]. This is a continuation of a previous post on this topic, and supplements the analysis in that post.] The optionality clause in equity shares/ compulsory convertible debentures/ preference shares has been a gray area from the regulatory perspective in India for years. These...
Guest Post: RBI Circular on ‘Options’
[The following post is contributed by Parag Bhide, who is a Principal Associate at Universal Legal, Mumbai] Finally, Foreign Investors investing into India are able to include ‘options’ in their investment agreements. The Reserve Bank of India (“RBI”), through its circular dated 9 January 2013 (“Circular”) has legitimized inclusion of options/right to exit in the Investment Agreements.[1]...
FDI and Acquisition of Shares on the Stock Exchange
Under the prevailing regime on foreign direct investment (FDI) in India, only certain types of investors are entitled to buy and sell shares on the stock exchange through a registered broker. They are foreign institutional investors (FIIs), qualified foreign investors (QFIs) and non-resident Indians (NRIs). All other types of non-resident investors may either buy shares from the company in a new...
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