The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has tightened the control over investment by banks in other companies that do not operate in the financial services sector. The rationale has been set forth in a new set of guidelines issued yesterday: Banks’ investments in companies which are not subsidiaries are governed by Section 19(2) of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 (B.R. Act). There is no requirement, at...
RBI’s Draft Guidelines for Private Sector Banks
Following the Finance Minister’s announcement in his budget speech for 2010-11 and a discussion paper published by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) in August 2010, the RBI has now released draft guidelines for licensing new banks in the private sector. The draft guidelines lay down the conditions on which corporate groups will be permitted to set up banks in India. While the RBI seems keen to tap...
Islamic Finance and the Indian Constitution
The concepts of Islamic banking and Islamic finance are yet to gain significant ground in India and attain the popularity they have witnessed in other countries. While there has been a debate about the need for a separate legal framework in India to promote the form of finance recognized under principles of Sharia law, the judiciary recently had the opportunity to test the validity of Islamic...
Corporate Structure for Foreign Banks in India
Historically, the RBI appears to have had a preference for allowing foreign banks to operate in India as branches rather than separately incorporated subsidiaries. Consequently, most (if not all) foreign banks have been established as branches for the purposes of banking law as well as company law. Apart from the fact that a branch enjoys the support, creditworthiness, and solvency of the main...
Legality of Sale of NPAs Between Banks
Last week, the Supreme Court issued its ruling on whether non-performing assets/loans (NPAs) can be transferred between banks without the concurrence of the borrowers. The case involved a transfer of NPAs (relating to the borrower, APS Star Industries Ltd.) from ICICI Bank to Kotak Mahindra Bank. The borrower was in liquidation. When the assignee Kotak Mahindra Bank sought before the Company...
Entry of New Private Sector Banks
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has released a discussion paper on “Entry of New Banks in the Private Sector”, which paves the way for granting new banking licences. The discussion paper compares India’s position with international experience and then suggests possible approaches (listing both pros and cons) for the way forward. This analysis has been carried out along the following: 1. Minimum...
Legal character of an overdraft facility
Earlier this month, a division bench of the Bombay High Court considered an important question regarding the legal character of an overdraft facility offered to a customer. The issue before the Court in Sargam Foods v. State of Maharashtra, was whether the cash credit facility offered by a bank can be attached in recovery proceedings against one of its customers. The relevant provision was Rule...
Regulating Bankers’ Pay
Consistent with international trends to impose greater regulation on executive compensation in banks, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has issued draft guidelines on compensation of whole time directors/ chief executive officers / risk takers and control function staff. This applies to private sector and local area banks and all foreign banks operating in India, and is in addition to tight...
The Meaning of a “Debt”
We have discussed the role of the Debt Recovery Tribunal on this blog, and noted the Supreme Court’s decision in Nahar holding that an “independent suit” filed by a borrower is maintainable in civil court, despite the provisions of the Recovery of Debts Due to Banks and Financial Institutions Act, 1993 (“RDB Act”). This Monday (May 3), the Supreme Court considered another crucial issue in this...
Bits of Interest
1. Regulation of Credit Rating Agencies Drawing lessons from the role of credit rating agencies (CRAs) in the recent financial crisis, SEBI has imposed additional transparency and disclosure norms for the Indian CRAs. SEBI’s circular issued on May 3, 2010 covers issues such as maintenance of records of the rating process, dealing with conflicts of...
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