One of the more important recent controversies over the Indian Arbitration Act has been the interpretation of the “express or implied exclusion” to the rule in Bhatia International. As is well known, the Supreme Court held in Bhatia International that Part I of the Indian Arbitration Act applies to international commercial arbitrations held outside India, unless it is “expressly or impliedly”...
The Rangaraj-Madhusoodhanan Conflict and the “Reformulation” of Rangaraj in Para 55 of Messer Holdings
Section 111A of the Companies Act, 1956, is perhaps the most significant unresolved controversy in contemporary Indian corporate law. The blog noted today that a Division Bench of the Bombay High Court (Messer Holdings) has held that a private arrangement between shareholders conferring a right of first refusal is not contrary to s. 111A of the Companies Act. In this post, I offer some thoughts...
A twist in the tale: Share transfer restrictions in a public limited company legal?
A Division Bench of the Bombay High Court has ruled in Messer Holdings Limited v. Shyam Madanmohan Ruia that a private arrangement between shareholders of a public limited company on a voluntary basis relating to share transfer restrictions (right of first refusal) is not violative of Section 111A of the Companies Act, 1956. The judgement also goes on to suggest that it is not mandatory for the...
Service Tax on Software Upheld
In 2005, the Supreme Court held that the transfer of branded software constitutes a sale and is exigible to sales tax, levied by State Governments under Entry 54, Schedule VII of the Constitution (Tata Consultancy Services v. State of AP). I have argued elsewhere that this decision may, with respect, require reconsideration on the question of whether the typical software transfer accompanied by a...
“Professional Services”
It is often said that the importance of careful analysis of statutory language cannot be overstated, especially in fiscal matters. One will not be surprised to find, therefore, that the term “professional services” has recently engendered an interesting controversy as to its true scope. It arose before the Bombay High Court in Dedicated Health Care Services TPA v. ACIT, where it was argued that...
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